Who Ruled in Year X

African women in power · year lookup

Who ruled in 1999 CE?

1 documented African woman ruler in these records held office in 1999 CE.

1999 CE falls in the 20th century CE. See this era on the timeline

Documented history In office this year

Mokope Modjadji V

Fifth Rain Queen in the Modjadji lineage

c. 1980/81–2001 Balobedu queenship Southern Africa

The fifth Rain Queen’s tenure ended in 2001; institutional and published sources variously date its beginning to 1980, 1981, or nearby installation conventions.
Sources
1. National Museum Publications — Modjadji, Mofumahadi wa Pula
2. South African Cooperative Governance — Balobedu queenship lineage

Before 1999 CE

Documented history Office ended about 19 years earlier

Makoma Modjadji IV

Fourth Rain Queen in the Modjadji lineage

c. 1959/60–1980 Balobedu queenship Southern Africa

The fourth Rain Queen in the lineage; published chronologies agree that her tenure ended in 1980 but give the preceding transition as either 1959 or 1960.
Sources
1. National Museum Publications — Modjadji, Mofumahadi wa Pula
2. South African Cooperative Governance — Balobedu queenship lineage

After 1999 CE

Documented history Office began about 4 years later

Makobo Modjadji VI

Sixth Rain Queen in the Modjadji lineage

installed 2003–2005 Balobedu queenship Southern Africa

Makobo succeeded within the lineage after 2001 and was installed in 2003; distinguishing succession from installation explains the different start dates found in modern accounts.
Sources
1. National Museum Publications — Modjadji, Mofumahadi wa Pula
2. South African Cooperative Governance — Balobedu queenship lineage

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